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313 according to the U.S. Department of Commerce The Commerce study and the Brookings figure were cited in “Kazaa Taunts Record Biz: Catch Us,” by Brad King, in Wired News, September 25, 2002. Available at http://www.wired.com/news/technology/0,1282,55356,00.html.

315 “This is serious research” The army official was quoted in an interview by Richard Koman published on an O’Reilly & Associates website devoted to peer-to-peer efforts. The full interview is available at http://www.openp2p.com/pub/a/p2p/2001/08/28/p2pwar.html.

315 GlaxoSmithKline uses Groove Networks The two corporate examples are given in David Barkai’s Peer-to-Peer Computing, Intel Press, 2001.

316 BusinessWeek ran a long cover story “Inside Napster,” by Spencer Ante, in the August 14, 2000, issue. Richardson gave a detailed account of her experience with the writer after publication, including her request to him for a correction. None was ever published. In an interview by the author, Ante declined to comment. A follow-up voice-mail message was not returned.

318 The firm’s SpamNet peer-to-peer system SpamNet was so good that in January 2003, Ritter made it back to Wired magazine’s Rave Awards—this time in his own right, as a finalist for software designer of the year.

319 In the fall of 2000, he pitched investors A copy of the presentation was filed in Altholtz v. NetCapital, Norfolk County Superior Court, case number CA01-00169.

319 entertainment lawyer Howard Altholtz Altholtz v. NetCapital, Norfolk County Superior Court, case number CA01-00169.

321 Fanning blamed, of all people Fanning’s e-mail was included as an exhibit in Napster’s bankruptcy.

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